286 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
286 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
# 🌟 opencoreC: High-Performance x86_64 Microkernel OS
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<div align="center">
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[ **English** | [Русский](README_RU.md) ]
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[-007acc?style=for-the-badge&logo=cpu)]()
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<p align="center">
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<b>A state-of-the-art, capability-based microkernel operating system written in Rust and modern C++20.</b><br>
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Built from scratch for x86_64 long mode, featuring SMP multi-core affinity, an LVGL-powered desktop compositor, hardware ACPI power management, hardware random generation, and fault-tolerant process signal isolation.
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</p>
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</div>
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```text
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╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
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│ ● ● ● root@opencoreC: ~ (osh) │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ ___ root@opencoreC │
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│ / \ ----------------- │
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│ | (o) | ___ OS: opencoreC Microkernel x86_64 │
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│ | | / \ Kernel: v0.1.0-release (Rust #![no_std]) │
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│ \ ___ / | (o) | Uptime: 42 mins, 12 secs │
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│ \___/ Shell: osh (opencore shell 1.0) │
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│ [=== opencoreC ===] Display: 1280x800 @ 60Hz 32bpp (Linear FB) │
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│ x86_64 SMP DE / WM: LVGL v8.3 Windows/KDE Compositor │
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│ Ring 3 Userspace CPU: QEMU Virtual CPU (4 Cores SMP) │
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│ Fast-Path IPC Cap Memory: 38 MiB / 509 MiB (7%) │
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│ Network: Realtek RTL8139 (10.0.2.15) │
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│ ACPI: S5 Poweroff, Reset, MADT 4 Cores │
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│ Security: Ring 3 Signal Fault Isolation (SIGSEGV) │
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│ Entropy: Hardware RNG (RDRAND / TSC) │
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│ │
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│ ███ ███ ███ ███ ███ ███ ███ ███ │
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│ │
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│ ┌──(root@opencoreC)-[~] │
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│ └─# fastfetch │
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╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
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```
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---
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## 🚀 Key Highlights & Subsystems
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### ⚡ 1. SMP Multi-Core & Core Affinity Optimization
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* **Application Processor Startup:** Secondary cores (Core 1, 2, 3) are booted via the Limine SMP protocol with dedicated TSS descriptors (`PER_CPU_TSS`), GDT, IDT, SSE/AVX registers, and fast-path syscall MSRs (`IA32_LSTAR`, `IA32_STAR`, `IA32_FMASK`).
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* **Fast Non-Locking CPU ID:** Uses CPU MSR `0xC0000103` (`IA32_TSC_AUX`) to retrieve the current physical core index in a single assembly instruction (`rdmsr`).
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* **Dedicated Core Affinity:**
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- **Core 0:** Microkernel Core, Hardware Timer PIT (100 Hz), Hardware IRQs (Mouse, Keyboard, RTL8139 NIC).
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- **Core 1:** Dedicated to **`gui_server`** — 60 FPS graphics rendering without lag or priority inversions.
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- **Core 2:** Dedicated to **`sh`** (Interactive shell and command execution).
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- **Core 3:** Dedicated to background servers (`init_server`, `uart_driver`, `procmgr`).
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### 🪟 2. LVGL v8.3 Windows/KDE Desktop GUI
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* **Hardware PS/2 Mouse Tracking:** Smooth double-buffered cursor rendering at 1280x800 resolution directly over Limine linear framebuffer (`0x80000000`).
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* **Zero-Lag Window Dragging:** High-performance dirty-region raster bands (`BUF_HEIGHT = 80`) and optimized composition.
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* **Windows 11 / KDE Plasma Aesthetic:**
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- Glassmorphic Taskbar with Start Menu button, running task chips, and live CMOS digital clock.
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- Interactive Start Menu with quick application launcher and system power controls.
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- **Task Manager / Resource Monitor:** Real-time multi-core CPU utilization meters across all 4 cores and physical memory progress bar.
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- **Linux-style Graphical Terminal:** Dark-mode terminal with blinking cursor and full command interpreter.
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- **About System & Network Diagnostics Center:** Real-time RTL8139 MAC, IP, and packet counters.
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### 🌐 3. Realtek RTL8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Network
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* **PCI Bus Mastering:** Auto-probes PCI bus `0:2:0`, enables Bus Master DMA.
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* **Zero-Copy Physical DMA:** Configured with physical transmit and receive ring buffers (`0x90000000`).
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* **Network Stack:** Full ARP request/reply, IPv4 packet parsing, and ICMP Echo transmission (`ping 10.0.2.2`).
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### 🛡️ 4. Process Signals & Fault Isolation (Ring 3)
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* **Kernel Stability:** Ring 3 crashes no longer trigger Kernel Panics:
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- Vector 14 (`#PF` Page Fault) $\rightarrow$ `SIGSEGV` (11)
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- Vector 13 (`#GP` General Protection) $\rightarrow$ `SIGSEGV` (11)
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- Vector 6 (`#UD` Invalid Opcode) $\rightarrow$ `SIGILL` (4)
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- Vector 0 (`#DE` Divide by Zero) $\rightarrow$ `SIGFPE` (8)
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* Faulting threads are cleanly isolated, logged with crash diagnostics (`RIP`, `ErrCode`, `CR2`), and terminated. The microkernel, GUI desktop, and sibling tasks remain fully active. Test with `crash_test`.
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### 🔋 5. Hardware ACPI Subsystem
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* **Table Discovery:** Scans BIOS memory (`0xE0000..0xFFFFF`) for `RSDP` with checksum verification.
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* **Tables Parsed:** `RSDT`, `FADT` (`PM1a_CNT`), `MADT` (LAPIC CPU Core Discovery), `HPET`, `MCFG`.
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* **Power Management:** Native hardware ACPI S5 Sleep/Poweroff and 8042/ACPI hardware reset.
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### 🎲 6. Hardware Random Number Generator (RNG)
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* **Entropy Sources:** Checks CPUID for hardware `RDRAND` (Leaf 1, ECX 30) and `RDSEED` (Leaf 7, EBX 18).
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* **PRNG Fallback:** Xorshift64* stirred with CPU cycle counter (`rdtsc`) and CMOS RTC.
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* **Syscall & Tool:** Syscall 22 (`SYS_GETRANDOM`) and user command `random` / `rng` generating UUID v4 identifiers.
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### 💻 7. Interactive Terminal Shell (`osh`)
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* **Stylized Powerline Prompt:** `┌──(root@opencoreC)-[~]\n└─# `
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* **Built-in `fastfetch`:** Integrated system information tool with custom ASCII logo and ANSI palette.
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* **Log Isolation:** Daemon logs (`gui_server`, `procmgr`, `init_server`) are routed to `dmesg`, leaving the interactive terminal pristine.
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---
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## 🏛️ Architecture Overview
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The system strictly enforces **Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)**: only memory translation and fast-path IPC primitives reside in Ring 0, while everything else executes in isolated Ring 3 address spaces.
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### 🌐 Multi-Core Topology & Subsystem Isolation
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```text
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ HARDWARE LAYER (x86_64 Long Mode) │
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│ │
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│ [CPU 0: Bootstrap] [CPU 1: AP 1] [CPU 2: AP 2] [CPU 3: AP 3] │
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│ ├── PIT 8254 Timer └── Linear Framebuffer └── PS/2 Input Buffer ├── PCI RTL8139 │
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│ ├── Local APIC/IOAPIC (1280x800@32bpp) (Keyboard + Mouse) └── 16550 UART │
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│ └── ACPI PM / RNG │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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│
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Interrupts & MSRs
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▼
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ RING 0: RUST MICROKERNEL (#![no_std]) │
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│ │
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│ ┌──────────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Memory Subsystem │ │ Multi-Core Scheduler │ │ Fast-Path Rendezvous IPC │ │
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│ │ ├── 4-Level PML4 VMM│ │ ├── Core Affinity │ │ ├── Register Fast-Path (32B) │ │
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│ │ └── Bitmap PFA │ │ └── Quantum Switch │ │ └── Capability Token Access │ │
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│ └──────────────────────┘ └──────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ ┌──────────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Signal Interceptor │ │ Hardware ACPI Driver │ │ Hardware Entropy Generator │ │
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│ │ ├── SIGSEGV / SIGILL│ │ ├── RSDP / MADT / S5│ │ ├── RDRAND / RDSEED │ │
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│ │ └── Thread Recovery │ │ └── 8042 Power Reset│ │ └── High-Entropy PRNG Stirring │ │
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│ └──────────────────────┘ └──────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────────────────┘ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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│
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Isolated Page Tables (CR3)
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▼
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ RING 3: USERSPACE ECOSYSTEM │
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│ │
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│ [Core 1 Dedicated] [Core 2 Dedicated] [Core 3 Dedicated] [Core 3 Service] │
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│ gui_server sh init_server / procmgr uart_driver │
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│ ├── LVGL Compositor ├── osh Interactive ├── System Lifecycle └── 16550 Serial │
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│ ├── Windows/KDE Shell ├── Fastfetch Engine ├── Process Spawner Rendezvous │
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│ └── HW Mouse Cursor └── Command Suite └── Cap Table Registry Listen Loop │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### ⚡ Detailed Component Communication
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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autonumber
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actor User as PS/2 Mouse & Keyboard
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participant IRQ as HW Interrupts (Core 0)
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participant Kernel as Rust Microkernel (Ring 0)
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participant GUI as gui_server (Core 1)
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participant Shell as sh Terminal (Core 2)
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participant Net as RTL8139 NIC (Core 3)
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User->>IRQ: Mouse Move / Keypress Event
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IRQ->>Kernel: Hardware Interrupt Vector 33 / 44
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Kernel->>GUI: Syscall 21: SYS_MOUSE_GET (x, y, buttons)
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GUI->>GUI: Direct Framebuffer Raster Blit (60 FPS)
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User->>Shell: Keypress: "ping 10.0.2.2"
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Shell->>Kernel: Syscall 1: SYS_IPC_CALL (RTL8139 Endpoint)
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Kernel->>Net: Synchronous Rendezvous IPC (Op: TX_PACKET)
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Net->>Kernel: Syscall 20: SYS_DMA_ALLOC (Physical Ring Buffer)
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Net-->>User: ICMP Echo Reply Packet Received!
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```
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---
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## 📁 Repository Structure
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```text
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opencoreC/
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├── boot/
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│ └── limine/ # Limine bootloader binaries & installer
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├── build/ # Output directory for ELF binaries & disk image
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├── config/
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│ ├── linker.ld # Higher-half kernel linker script (0xffffffff80000000)
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│ └── user.ld # Userspace Ring 3 ELF linker script (0x400000)
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├── hal/ # Hardware Abstraction Layer (PCI, 16550 UART)
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├── include/
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│ └── abi/
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│ ├── ipc.h # Fast-Path IPC register layout & protocols
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│ ├── syscalls.h # System call numbers, structures, and POSIX signals
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│ └── types.h # ABI primitive types
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├── kernel/ # Microkernel crate (Rust #![no_std])
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│ ├── Cargo.toml
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│ ├── asm/
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│ │ ├── context.S # Preemptive context switcher (switch_to)
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│ │ └── syscall_entry.S # Fast syscall/sysretq entry trampoline
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│ └── src/
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│ ├── main.rs # Kernel entry point & subsystem orchestrator
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│ ├── arch/ # GDT, TSS, IDT, SMP, ACPI, Syscalls
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│ │ ├── acpi.rs # RSDP, RSDT, FADT, MADT parser & poweroff
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│ │ ├── gdt.rs # Per-CPU GDT & TSS selectors
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│ │ ├── idt.rs # IDT vectors & Ring 3 signal fault handler
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│ │ ├── smp.rs # SMP multi-core AP boot & TSC_AUX per-CPU query
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│ │ └── syscall.rs # Fast-path syscall dispatcher
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│ ├── drivers/ # Microkernel drivers
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│ │ ├── dmesg.rs # Circular kernel log ring buffer
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│ │ ├── keyboard.rs # PS/2 keyboard driver
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│ │ ├── mouse.rs # PS/2 mouse driver with screen clamping
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│ │ ├── rng.rs # Hardware RNG (RDRAND / RDSEED / PRNG)
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│ │ ├── serial.rs # 16550 UART serial logger
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│ │ └── timer.rs # PIT 8254 timer (100 Hz preemptive ticks)
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│ ├── ipc/ # Capability-based synchronous rendezvous IPC
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│ ├── mm/ # Physical Frame Allocator & 4-Level Paging
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│ └── sched/ # Preemptive Multi-Core Scheduler & Threads
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├── lib/
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│ ├── libc/ # Minimal freestanding C library (string, stdlib, stdio)
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│ ├── libipc_cpp/ # C++20 RAII IPC endpoints & message wrappers
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│ └── lvgl/ # LVGL v8.3 embedded graphics library
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├── servers/ # Ring 3 User-space processes
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│ ├── gui_server/ # Windows/KDE Desktop Compositor (LVGL v8.3)
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│ ├── init_server/ # System root server
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│ ├── procmgr/ # Process & server manager daemon
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│ ├── sh/ # Interactive UNIX shell (Powerline prompt & fastfetch)
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│ └── uart_driver/ # 16550 COM1 serial driver server
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├── limine.conf # Limine bootloader configuration
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├── Makefile # Unified build system
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└── README.md # Documentation & project manual
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```
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---
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## 🛠️ Build & Run Guide
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### Prerequisites (Ubuntu/Debian)
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```bash
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install -y build-essential gcc g++ qemu-system-x86 nasm mtools xorriso
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curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
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rustup target add x86_64-unknown-none
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```
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### Quick Commands
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| Target | Description |
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| :--- | :--- |
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| `make all` | Compiles the Rust microkernel, freestanding libc, drivers, and Ring 3 servers. |
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| `make image` | Builds a bootable 64 MiB hybrid FAT32 disk image (`build/opencoreC.img`) with Limine BIOS + UEFI. |
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| `make gui` | **Launches QEMU in GUI mode** with the LVGL Desktop Compositor, hardware mouse, and terminal. |
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| `make run` | **Launches QEMU in serial console mode** with `fastfetch` and the Powerline shell prompt. |
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| `make clean` | Cleans all compiled binaries, intermediate objects, and disk images. |
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## ⌨️ Shell Command Reference (`osh`)
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Available in both the **Serial Console (`make run`)** and the **GUI Terminal Window (`make gui`)**:
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| Command | Description |
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| :--- | :--- |
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| `fastfetch` / `neofetch` | Displays the system summary, ASCII logo, and ANSI color palette. |
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| `smp` / `cpu` | Displays online physical cores, current executing CPU, and per-core scheduler ticks. |
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| `acpi` | Displays ACPI RSDP status, MADT discovered cores, and FADT power management ports. |
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| `random` / `rng` | Generates 16 bytes of entropy via hardware RNG and formats as a UUID v4. |
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| `crash_test` | Triggers a Ring 3 null-pointer fault to verify kernel `SIGSEGV` signal handling. |
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| `ps` | Lists active threads, states (`READY`, `RUNNING`, `BLOCKED`), RIP, and CPU ticks. |
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| `top` | Dynamic multi-core process and CPU load monitor. |
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| `mem` / `free` | Displays Physical Frame Allocator (PFA) RAM usage (Total, Used, Free). |
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| `ifconfig` / `ip` | Displays Realtek RTL8139 PCI Fast Ethernet MAC, IP, and status. |
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| `ping <ip>` | Transmits real ICMP Echo Ping packets over RTL8139 PCI DMA. |
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| `dmesg` | Displays the circular kernel and background daemon log ring buffer. |
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| `date` | Queries CMOS Real-Time Clock date and time. |
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| `uptime` | Displays system uptime and PIT timer clock ticks. |
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| `uname -a` | Prints operating system name, kernel version, and architecture. |
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| `whoami` | Prints the active user identity (`root`). |
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| `kill <tid>` | Sends a termination request to stop a specific thread by PID. |
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| `calc <expr>` | Freestanding arithmetic calculator (`+`, `-`, `*`). |
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| `ls` / `dir` | Lists files in the in-memory RAM disk. |
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| `cat <file>` | Reads and displays text file contents. |
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| `touch <file>` | Creates a new file in RAM disk. |
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| `clear` | Clears the terminal screen. |
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| `reboot` | Reboots the machine via ACPI / 8042 reset. |
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| `poweroff` / `exit` | Powers off the computer via hardware ACPI S5 shutdown. |
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---
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## 📜 License
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Distributed under the **MIT / Apache-2.0** dual license. See `LICENSE` for details.
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